Pleurosaurus - PMC

Annie S. Hsiou, Randall L. Nydam, Tiago R. Simões, Flávio A. Pretto, Silvio Onary, Agustín G. Martinelli, Alexandre Liparini, Paulo R. Romo de Vivar Martínez, Marina B. Soares, Cesar L. Schultz, Michael W. Caldwell

Sci Rep. 2019; 9: 11821. Published online 2019 Aug 14. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48297-9

Correction in:: Sci Rep. 2021; 11: 10090.

PMCID:: PMC6694142

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Ancestral body plan and adaptive radiation of sauropterygian marine reptiles

Wei Wang, Qinghua Shang, Long Cheng, Xiao-Chun Wu, Chun Li

iScience. 2022 Dec 22; 25(12): 105635. Published online 2022 Nov 18. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105635

PMCID:: PMC9722468

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New Data on the Clevosaurus (Sphenodontia: Clevosauridae) from the Upper Triassic of Southern Brazil

Annie Schmaltz Hsiou, Marco Aurélio Gallo De França, Jorge Ferigolo

PLoS One. 2015; 10(9): e0137523. Published online 2015 Sep 10. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137523

PMCID:: PMC4565693

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A new sphenodontian (Diapsida: Lepidosauria) from the Upper Triassic (Norian) of Germany and its implications for the mode of sphenodontian evolution

Lisa S. Freisem, Johannes Müller, Hans-Dieter Sues, Gabriela Sobral

BMC Ecol Evol. 2024; 24: 35. Published online 2024 Mar 16. doi: 10.1186/s12862-024-02218-1

PMCID:: PMC10944618

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A new phylogenetic hypothesis of Tanystropheidae (Diapsida, Archosauromorpha) and other “protorosaurs”, and its implications for the early evolution of stem archosaurs

Stephan N.F. Spiekman, Nicholas C. Fraser, Torsten M. Scheyer

PeerJ. 2021; 9: e11143. Published online 2021 May 3. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11143

PMCID:: PMC8101476

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Megaevolutionary dynamics and the timing of evolutionary innovation in reptiles

Tiago R. Simões, Oksana Vernygora, Michael W. Caldwell, Stephanie E. Pierce

Nat Commun. 2020; 11: 3322. Published online 2020 Jul 3. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17190-9

PMCID:: PMC7335191

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Sphenodontian phylogeny and the impact of model choice in Bayesian morphological clock estimates of divergence times and evolutionary rates

Tiago R. Simões, Michael W. Caldwell, Stephanie E. Pierce

BMC Biol. 2020; 18: 191. Published online 2020 Dec 7. doi: 10.1186/s12915-020-00901-5

PMCID:: PMC7720557

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Pterosaurs ate soft-bodied cephalopods (Coleoidea)

R. Hoffmann, J. Bestwick, G. Berndt, R. Berndt, D. Fuchs, C. Klug

Sci Rep. 2020; 10: 1230. Published online 2020 Jan 27. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57731-2

PMCID:: PMC6985239

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A reassessment of the enigmatic diapsid Paliguana whitei and the early history of Lepidosauromorpha

David P. Ford, Susan E. Evans, Jonah N. Choiniere, Vincent Fernandez, Roger B. J. Benson

Proc Biol Sci. August 25, 2021; 288(1957): 20211084. Published online August 25, 2021. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1084

PMCID:: PMC8385343

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Integration of molecules and new fossils supports a Triassic origin for Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes, and tuatara)

Marc EH Jones, Cajsa Lisa Anderson, Christy A Hipsley, Johannes Müller, Susan E Evans, Rainer R Schoch

BMC Evol Biol. 2013; 13: 208. Published online 2013 Sep 25. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-208

PMCID:: PMC4016551

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Dentary Morphological Variation in Clevosaurus brasiliensis (Rhynchocephalia, Clevosauridae) from the Upper Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Paula Rosario Romo de Vivar Martínez, Marina Bento Soares

PLoS One. 2015; 10(3): e0119307. Published online 2015 Mar 20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119307

PMCID:: PMC4368672

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PMC Images search for Pleurosaurus

Figure 6.

Inferred sequence of selected morphological transformations between the fully terrestrial pleurosaurian ancestor and the marine-adapted Pleurosaurus. Vadasaurus exhibits the earliest features of this transformation series, many of which are less-exaggerated versions of the derived morphologies expressed in Palaeopleurosaurus and especially Pleurosaurus. The image depicts the relative degree of aquatic adaptation, not necessarily a literal reconstruction of each taxon's specific ecology.

A new rhynchocephalian (Reptilia: Lepidosauria) from the Late Jurassic of Solnhofen (Germany) and the origin of the marine Pleurosauridae

R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Nov;4(11):170570.
Figure 4.

Length relationships between the presacral vertebral column and (a) humerus and (b) femur. For both indices, Vadasaurus conserves a plesiomorphic value, indicating that the derived shortening of the limbs characteristic of Pleurosauridae and especially Pleurosaurus spp. is a transformation that postdates the divergence of Vadasaurus. Measurements for Vadasaurus are from electronic supplementary material, S3. The included lines of best fit do not consider Pleurosauridae, Ankylosphenodon or Vadasaurus. Comparative data are from Reynoso [].

A new rhynchocephalian (Reptilia: Lepidosauria) from the Late Jurassic of Solnhofen (Germany) and the origin of the marine Pleurosauridae

R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Nov;4(11):170570.
Fig. 8Majority rule consensus tree from the relaxed morphological clock Bayesian inference analysis with tip dating.

Results indicate the phylogenetic relationships among sphenodontians highlighting the placement of N. sani (in bold), clade posterior probabilities (top node values in bold), and median divergence times (bottom node values). Purple node error bars represent the 95% highest posterior density estimates for divergence times. Skull illustrations (all photos taken by TRS) for each major clade are, from top to bottom, Megachirella wachtleri (Squamata), Clevosaurus brasiliensis (Clevosauridae), Homeosaurus maximiliani (Homeosaurinae), Pleurosaurus gingsburi (Pleurosauridae), Kallimodon pulchellus, Priosphenodon avelasi (Eilenodontinae), and Sphenodon punctatus (Sphenodontinae).

An exceptionally preserved Sphenodon-like sphenodontian reveals deep time conservation of the tuatara skeleton and ontogeny

Commun Biol. 2022;5:195.
Figure 3—figure supplement 1.Lepidosaur morphospace for PCO1 and PCO2 showing abbreviated taxa labels and colors according to clades (see color legend in ).

Abbreviations correspond to Ac plum: Acontias plumbeus; Ad magn: Adamisaurus magnidentatus; Ad sues: Adriosaurus suessi; Ae feli: Aeluroscalabotes felinus; Af aviu: Afairiguana avius; Ag agam: Agama agama; Ai: Aigialosaurus; Al fest: Alopoglossus festae; Am amei: Ameiva ameiva; An caro: Anolis carolinensis; An gilm: Anchaurosaurus gilmorei; An leon: Anomochilus leonardi; An pach: Ankylosphenodon pachyostosus; An papi: Anelytropsis papillosus; An scyt: Anilius scytale; Ar brev: Ardeosaurus brevipes; Ar orna: Arretosaurus ornatus; As tigr: Aspidoscelis tigris; Ba ammo: Bahndwivici ammoskius; Ba bico: Bachia bicolor; Ba macr: Bavarisaurus macrodactylus; Ba parv: Bainguis parvus; Be hoff: Becklesius hoffstetteri; Bi bipo: Bipes biporus; Bl: Blanus; Bo cons: Boa constrictor; Br: Brachylophus; Br bryg: Brookesia brygooi; Ca blan: Cadea blanoides; Ca drac: Callisaurus draconoides; Ca inte: Carusia intermedia; Ch fitz: Chometokadmon fitzingeri; Ch kozl: Cherminsaurus kozlowskii; Ch mada: Chalarodon madagascariensis; Ch ocel: Chalcides ocellatus; Cl bair: Clevosaurus bairdi; Cl bras: Clevosaurus brasiliensis; Cl mcgi: Clevosaurus mcgilli; Co mode: Colobosaura modesta; Cr coll: Crotaphytus collaris; Cr hass: Cryptolacerta hassiaca; Cr typi: Cricosaura typica; Ct parv: Ctenomastax parva; Cy huiz: Cynosphenodon huizachalensis; Cy ruff: Cylindrophis ruffus; Da este: Darchansaurus estesi; Da long: Dalinghosaurus longidigitus; Di avon: Diphydontosaurus avonis; Di nova: Dibamus novaeguineae; Di pata: Dinilysia patagonica; Do purb: Dorsetisaurus purbeckensis; Dr croi: Dracaenosaurus croizeti; Dr guia: Dracaena guianensis; Dr nord: Dryadosaura nordestina; Ei goul: Eichstaettisaurus gouldi; Ei schr: Eichstaettisaurus schroederi; El coer: Elgaria coerulea; En bili: Enyalius bilineatus; Eo koeh: Eosaniwa koehni; Eo lace: Eoxanta lacertifrons; Eo robu: Eolacerta robusta; Eo ster: Eonatator sternbergi; Ep goud: Epictia goudotii; Er robi: Erdenetesaurus robinsonae; Es mong: Estesia mongoliensis; Eu alge: Eumeces algeriensis; Eu macu: Eublepharis macularius; Ex serr: Exostinus serratus; Fe curr: Feylinia currori; Fl dzer: Flaviagama dzerzhinskii; Ga: Gambelia; Ge brid: Gephyrosaurus bridensis; Ge geck: Gekko gecko; Gi chul: Gilmoreteius chulsanensis; Gi ferr: Gilmoreteius ferrugenous; Gl semi: Gladidenagama semiplena; Gl venu: Globaura venusta; Go aren: Gobinatus arenosus; Go cret: Gobekko cretacicus; Go pulc: Gobiderma pulchrum; Gy unde: Gymnophthalmus underwoodi; Ha terr: Haasiophis terrasanctus; He horr: Heloderma horridum; Ho sanz: Hoyalacerta sanzi; Ho spin: Hoplocercus spinosus; Ho such: Hoburogekko suchanovi; Hu mixt: Huehuecuetzpalli mixtecus; Hy clar: Hymenosaurus clarki; Ic sief: Icarosaurus siefkeri; Ju gran: Jucaraseps grandipes; Ka ceri: Kallimodon cerinensis; Ku latu: Kuehneosaurus latus; La born: Lanthanotus borneensis; La serr: Laemanctus serratus; La viri: Lacerta viridis; Le cata: Leiosaurus catamarcensis; Le flav: Lepidophyma flavimaculatum; Li: Liolaemus; Li acan: Liushusaurus acanthocaudata; Li albi: Liotyphlops albirostris; Ly bowr: Lygosoma bowringii; Ma mabo: Mabuya mabouya; Ma oxon: Marmoretta oxoniensis; Me diaz: Meyasaurus diazromerali; Me orna: Merkurosaurus ornatus; Mi albe: Microlophus albermalensis; Mi cras: Mimeosaurus crassus; Mo annu: Morunasaurus annularis; Mo sund: Mochlus sundevalli; My micr: Myrmecodaptria microphagosa; Na rion: Najash rionegrina; Ne levi: Nephrurus levis; No nyct: Norellius nyctisaurops; Oe tryo: Oedura tryoni; Op cycl: Oplurus cyclurus; Or metz: Ornatocephalus metzleri; Pa UTAH: Paramacellodid UTAH; Pa angu: Paravaranus angustifrons; Pa bava: Palaeolacerta bavarica; Pa boge: Paraderma bogerti; Pa cana: Palaeosaniwa canadensis; Pa este: Parviraptor estesi; Pa inex: Parviderma inexacta; Pa kyre: Palaeoxantusia kyrentos; Pa owen: Paramacellodus oweni; Pa polo: Pamelina polonica; Pa posi: Palaeopleurosaurus posidoniae; Pa prob: Pachyrhachis problematicus; Pa scut: Parmeosaurus scutatus; Pa tlay: Pamizinsaurus tlayuaensis; Pa wyom: Parasaniwa wyomingensis; Pe gran: Peltosaurus granulosus; Ph asio: Phrynosoma asio; Ph aspe: Phrynosomimus asper; Ph coci: Physignathus cocincinus; Ph line: Phelsuma lineata; Pl anth: Plestiodon anthracinus; Pl fasc: Plestiodon fasciatus; Pl gold: Pleurosaurus goldfussi; Pl inte: Platysaurus intermedius; Pl plic: Plica plica; Pl robi: Planocephalosaurus robinsonae; Po ecpl: Potamites ecpleopus; Po gutt: Polychrus gutturosus; Po lign: Portugalophis lignites; Po mong: Polrussia mongoliensis; Po mull: Polysphenodon mulleri; Po ster: Polyglyphanodon sternbergi; Pr avel: Priosphenodon avelasi; Pr egge: Proscelotes eggeli; Pr gobi: Priscagama gobiensis; Pr long: Proplatynotia longirostrata; Pr ness: Primaderma nessovi; Ps beck: Pseudosaurillus becklesi; Ps gris: Psammosaurus griseus; Py lepi: Pygopus lepidopus; Re rugo: Restes rugosus; Rh flor: Rhineura floridana; Rh sang: Rhinophis sanguineus; Ri brac: Rieppeleon brachyurus; Sa ater: Sauromalus ater; Sa corn: Saltuarius cornutus; Sa davi: Saichangurvel davidsoni; Sa ensi: Saniwa ensidens; Sa feis: Saniwa feisti; Sa mong: Saniwides mongoliensis; Sc: Sceloporus; Sc cier: Scandensia ciervensis; Sc dysp: Schoenesmahl dyspepsia; Sc scin: Scincus scincus; Sh croc: Shinisaurus crocodilurus; Si hexa: Sineoamphisbaena hexatabularis; Sl dare: Slavoia darevskii; Sp eleg: Sphaerodactylus elegans; Sp punc: Sphenodon punctatus; St: Stenocercus; Ta sept: Takydromus septentrionalis; Tc mult: Tchingisaurus multivagus; Te elli: Temujinia ellisoni; Te gran: Telmasaurus grangeri; Te tepe: Tepexisaurus tepexii; Te teyo: Teius teyou; Ti scin: Tiliqua scincoides; Ti zhen: Tianyusaurus zhengi; Tr pete: Tracheloptychus petersi; Tr torq: Tropidurus torquatus; Tu tegu: Tupinambis teguixin; Ty grac: Typhlacontias gracilis; Ty jama: Typhlops jamaicensis; Ty squa: Typhlophis squamosus; Un gen PM: Unnamed gen PMUR58; Ur aegy: Uromastyx aegyptia; Ur nigr: Urosaurus nigricaudus; Ut stan: Uta stansburiana; Va vari: Varanus varius; Xa vigi: Xantusia vigilis; Xe gran: Xenosaurus grandis; Ya tenu: Yabeinosaurus tenuis; Za scel: Zapsosaurus sceliphros.

The Jurassic rise of squamates as supported by lepidosaur disparity and evolutionary rates

eLife. 2022;11:e66511.